1/27/2021 0:00:01
According to current official sources, Iran in ancient times passed through several countries (eras):
1 – The Achaemenid state 230 years
2- The Macedonian state for 10 years
3 – The Seleucid state 75 years
4 – The Parthian state 470 years
5 – The state of the Sasanians 420 years
The most famous of those eras
The Achaemenid Empire (560 BC – 333 BC) (approximately 230 years)
■ The Achaemenids are a Persian royal family, one of the ancient Iranian peoples, who was the last wave of the waves of Indo-European (Aryan) peoples that invaded the lands of Iran at the beginning of the first millennium BC. The Achaemenid family, whose origin is not known, appeared at the beginning of the seventh century BC. .M. It established an empire in Persia in 560 BC. This state seized a large area that included western Anatolia, Babylon, Iran, Palestine, and Misr.
■ Wars (with Athens)
This era was famous for the Median wars between the Persians on the one hand and the Greek cities on the other.
■ The capital of the country (Persepolis)
■ Its first king (Cyrus Cyrus)
■ The most famous kings of this era (Cyrus, Cambyses, Darius, and Ardashir)
The greatest king of this period was Cyrus (579 BC – 530 BC), who was known as Cyrus. He founded the Persian Empire in the year, and among his actions he invaded Babylon in the year (538 BC) and liberated the Al-Yahoud there from Babylonian captivity.
■ Religion (worship of Allah Ahuramazda)
Darius I was known to be a very religious king who brought religion in Iran to the height of glory and perfection. He is considered the first king of the first monotheistic empire in the ancient world.
■ Language (Old Persian, Avesta, Elamite, Babylonian)
The Achaemenid documents were written in stone in three languages:
– Old Persian language (Avesta)
– Elamite language
– Babylonian language
■ Written script (Cuneiform – Aramaic Pahlavi)
Research suggests that the ancient Persian language was written in an ancient Aramaic script, while the ancient Persian language recorded in the inscriptions on the rocks was written in cuneiform letters.
■ Cultural influence (a mixture of Persian, Egyptian and Babylonian)
The urban designs and reliefs were a mixture of Egyptian, Babylonian, and Asian Minor art.
■ The last king of this era was Darius III (336 BC – 330 BC)
Darius III is the grandson of Darius II. (380 BC – 330 BC). His original name is Artashta and the Greeks call him Kodomanos. He was the last king of the Achaemenid period in Persia and ruled from 336 BC until 330 BC. Artashta adopted Dariush’s name as the referee’s name.
■ It fell at the hands of Alexander the Great in (330 BC or 333 BC)
Alexander went out with an army of 35,000 soldiers to invade Iran, and initially headed towards the Syrian coast, where he met the Persian army and was able to eliminate the Persian army on the Syrian coast, so Darius III decided to flee, and Alexander marched his army down the coast, until he reached the heart of Misr and He returned again to the Syrian coast, and from there his army made its way to Mesopotamia, and there Alexander met a Persian army numbering ten times his army, that is, 350 thousand soldiers. He was able to defeat it and Darius III was forced to flee again. Then he headed to Babylon and captured it. And he was received as a conqueror.
Alexander headed to the city of Persepolis and burned and destroyed it in qisas for Persia’s burning of Athens. Then Alexander went out to chase Darius III, until he reached the Alborz Mountains, where he found Darius murdered by his followers.
The Sasanian Empire (224 AD – 633 AD) (approximately 400 years)
■ The Sassanians are named after the priest Sasan, who was the grandfather of the first Sassanid king, Ardashir I. Sasanian is the name used for the Second Persian Empire. The Sasanian dynasty was founded by King Ardashir I after the defeat of the last Parthian king, Artabanus IV. The Sassanians linked their lineage to the Achaemenids to express their originality and as a legitimate political heir to the country, and their state was established after the elimination of the Parthians.
■ Wars (with Rome and Byzantium)
Throughout their rule, the Sassanids fought wars with Rome and Byzantium
■ The capital of the country (Istakhr in Persepolis, then Al-Mada’in)
Istakhar was the capital of the country, then it moved to Al-Mada’in, and it is now an Iraqi city located a few kilometers southeast of Baghdad. Al-Mada’in was built near the historic city of Al-Mada’in, the capital of the Persian Sassanians, Ctesiphon and Seleucia. As for Ctesiphon, it was called Tyssiphon in Pahlavi Persian. While Seleucia was built close to Tsiphon. That’s why it was called Al-Mada’in because it includes several cities.
■ Its first king (Ardashir)
■ Its most famous kings (Kosro I, Yazdger, and Ardashir)
Thirty-four kings ruled this empire, and one of the greatest kings of this state was Khosrau I Ibn Qubad (531 AD – 578 AD), known as (Ansharvan). He carried out agricultural reform in Persia, encouraged education, and translated books from Greek and Sanskrit into Arabic. Pahlavi language. Among his actions was sending a war fleet to Yemen and liberating it from the Abyssinian occupation in the year 535 AD.
■ Religion (Zoroastrianism – Manichaeism – Christianity – Judaism)
Zoroastrianism was the official religion of the state, and there was a head of the religion, followed by a large number of priests. The priest was called Mobdan and resided in every city. Their mission was to organize the sacred fire temples, so each village had its own fire, and the fire was called (Fahram).
In the year 224 AD, King Ardashir made Zoroastrianism the official religion of the country. He worked to revive Zoroastrianism when he gathered a number of scholars and clerics and asked them to revive the teachings of the Zoroastrian religion. Based on the king’s directives, seven senior clerics, after a comprehensive exploration of all of Persia, collected, through oral narration, what remained preserved in the chests. They were able to find some scattered parts of the Book of the Avesta, so they compiled what they were sure was correct and put it in a book, which was approved by scholars and translated into the Pahlavi language.
The Avesta was written many times in this era, and Shapur wrote it in a special script known as the Avesta script, and Khosrau I prepared a new interpretation of the Avesta.
Although the state religion was Zoroastrianism, other religions made their way. During the reign of Shapur, Mani called for a doctrine mixed between Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Judaism.
■ Language (Pahlavi language)
The Middle Persian language (Pahlavi) was the language of the Sassanian era, until it began to approach its current modern form.
■ Written script (Aramaic Pahlavi)
The Persian language was written in the complex Pahlavi script, and so the language was named after this script (Pahlavi language).
■ Cultural impact (local)
■ The last king of this state, Yazdgir III (631 AD – 636 AD)
Yazdgerd III is the grandson of the King of the Sassanian Empire, Khosrau II, who was killed by his son, the Sassanid King Qubadh II. Yazdgerd was one of those who escaped from the sword of his uncle Shiroyeh when he killed his brothers and their sons, and a companion of his fled with him to some outskirts.
■ The Sassanian state fell at the hands of the Arab conquerors.
In the late sixth century, Khosrow II was able to seize Damascus and Jerusalem and advanced towards Constantinople, but the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius moved and crossed Mesopotamia until he reached Cities, and the matter ended with the signing of a peace treaty between Persia and Byzantium after they were exhausted.
Shortly after that treaty, the Sassanid state fell at the hands of the Arab conquerors led by Saad bin Abi Waqqas (633 AD or 636 AD), when the Arab Muslims advanced to Al-Mada’in and defeated the Persian army led by Rustam. After that, the conquerors headed to the capital of the first state, Istakhar, which It is 5 kilometers from the city of Persepolis, and they destroyed and burned it
After the victory of the Arab Muslim armies in the Battle of Al-Mada’in, Yazdgerd III fled to Helwan, then to Isfahan. When the Muslims were victorious in the Battle of Nahavand, he fled to Istakhar. After the conquest of Isfahan, one of the leaders of the conquests went to chase Yazdgerd, but was unable to defeat him.
Yazdger lived the last ten years on the run, and Yazdger was killed in the city of Merv by a miller. It is said that the miller offered him food and he ate, and brought him a drink to drink and he became drunk. When evening came, he took out his crown and placed it on his head. The miller saw it and was greedy for it, so he went for a mill and threw it on him. When he killed him, he took his crown and clothes and threw them into the water. He was 28 years old when he was killed.
———————
The most famous ancient monuments in Iran are located in Fars and Kermanshah provinces.
1- Fars Governorate (Persepolis and Istakhar)
2- Kermanshah Province (Bestun city)
All of these monuments are almost close to each other. The city of Istakhar is located 5 kilometers from the city of Persepolis, and the Bestun area is located in the Kermanshah Mountains. All the monuments are located in mountainous areas in the Zagros Mountains.
This is a summary of all the antiquities found in Iran
■ All important antiquities are located in two governorates
■ All important monuments are located in three cities
■ All important antiquities are located in four locations
■ All important monuments confirm Greek history
■ All important effects are:
1- Broken buildings
(Columns, statues, stone squares for rooms, and a small stone building in the shape of a room)
2- Statues carved on the rock
(Persian kings, Greek and Persian figures, soldiers, and heroes)
3- Engraved texts
(four inscriptions)
■ Names of historical Iranian inscriptions
1- Nas Darius – Birbulis – Takht Jamshid
2- Text of Khashayar Shah – Persepolis – Takht Jamshid
3- Nass Shabur and Kartir – Istakhar – Naqsh Rostam
4- Text of Darius – Biston – Naqsh Biston
■ Written languages in Iranian inscriptions
1- The text of Shapur and Kartir is written in three languages
Sassanian Pahlavi, Seleucid Pahlavi, and the Greek language.
2- The text of Darius is written in three languages
Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian
■ Number of inscriptions written in ancient Persian – 3
1- The role of Darius – Takht Jamshid
2- The role of Khashayar Shah – Takht Jamshid
3- The role of Biston – Biston
■ Number of inscriptions written in the Pahlavi language – 1
1- Text of Shapur and Kartir
■ Number of inscriptions written in cuneiform script – 3
1- The role of Darius – Takht Jamshid
2- The role of Khashayar Shah – Takht Jamshid
3- The role of Biston – Biston
■ Number of inscriptions written in Elamite script – 1
1- Text of Shapur and Kartir
■ The content of the themes found in the four inscriptions
1- The role of Darius – Takht Jamshid
“Here I am, the great king Darius, king of kings, king of countries and lands, son of Vishtasp the Achaemenid, who built this palace. May Ahura Mazda support me and protect this country from all the enemies, drought, and lies that afflict it, and protect it from every evil that befalls it. And I ask for this. From Ahura Mazda as a gift, in the hope that Ahura Mazda will give it to me.”
2- The role of Khashayar Shah – Takht Jamshid
“Ahura Mazda is the great Allah, who created the earth and created the sky for it, who created man and created for him joy and happiness, and who appointed Kheshrayar Shah as king and chose him from the rest of the kings and others. Here I am, the great king Kheshrayar Shah, the king of kings, the king of the lands in which races live.” And different nationalities of people, the king of this vast land and the son of Dariush, the Achaemenid king. All the buildings and buildings were built by order of Ahura Mazda, and there are a large number of other luxurious buildings in the city of Pars that were built by my father and I. Every building and building looks wonderful, we built them by order From Ahura Mazda.”
3 – The role of Kartir and Shabur – the role of Rostam
This inscription included 19 articles, the summary of which is as follows:
● At the beginning, he introduces Kartir himself, then lists his common titles in that era of time. He mentions that his title is Mu’abid, which is a title given to a priest and expresses a religious degree. Then he describes, as we mentioned previously, the piety of King Ardashir I and his son Shapur bin Ardashir and the deeds they did in The path of religion, especially their wars with the Romans.
● Then he says, addressing the king:
“And I, Karter, declared my grief and regret from the beginning to the gods and kings and to my own soul, so I made fire flourish in the kingdom of Persia and in the kingdom of Aniran as well. I expelled the doctrines of Ahriman and the demons from the kingdom, and I defeated the Al-Yahoud, Buddhists, Brahmans, Al-Nasarah, Al-Nasarah, Mandaeans, and Manichaeans.” .
● Then he proudly mentions the countries and cities that Shapur I captured, and concludes the battalion by praying for him and worshiping him.
4- The role of Biston – Biston
● The inscription begins with a brief biography of Darius, including his ancestors and lineage.
● Darius then recounts a long series of events that followed the murder of Cyrus the Great and Cambyses II, who fought nineteen battles in the period of one year (ending in December 521 BC) to put down multiple rebellions throughout the Persian state. The inscription details the rebellion, which resulted in the deaths of Cyrus the Great and his son Cambyses II, and was orchestrated by numerous impostors and conspirators in various cities throughout the empire, each of whom was falsely claiming royal blood during the turmoil after Cyrus’ death. . Darius the Great declared himself victorious in all battles during the period of turmoil, attributing his success to Ahura Mazda.
● Darius mentions in the inscription all the nationalities that he ruled, which are as follows: the Medes, the Elamites, the Heratians, the Egyptians, the Balchians, the Sigritians, the Aramenes, the Babylonians, the Syrians, and the Scythians.
———————
■ The nature of texts
The prominent feature of texts in general is the personal feature, and it appears prominent and clear in all the inscriptions…a prominent feature.
All inscriptions begin with the person introducing himself and proving his presence on the stage of history, and talking about his rule and control over large regions of the world.
– The inscriptions of Darius and his son… have a purely personal character, mentioning their names, listing their achievements, and their reverence for the Allah Ahuramazda.
– The inscription of Shapur Kartir ……….. An inscription written by a priest, in which he talks about himself and the religious dome, and talks about the prosperity of fire in the kingdom of Persia and Anir, then he is proud of the king’s achievements, glorifies them, and prays for him.
– The Bastun Inscription… an inscription written by Darius that talks about his name and lineage, then he recounts part of the ancient history of kings who preceded him, and how he was able to be victorious in the end, thanks to Ahuramazda…. Then he enumerates the names of the peoples that he ruled.
———————
now
How can we know the nature of religion in ancient Iran?
The only source that talks about religion in ancient Iran is only one inscription, which is the Kartir Shapur inscription, because it was written by the chief cleric.
A person speaks in the Shapur Kartir inscription and presents himself as the chief cleric in the region, and the inscription does not talk about Zoroaster or Zoroastrianism at all. There is a kind of praise and praising, not worship, praising water, fire, and livestock.
Let me quote to you a talk by an Iranian thinker and researcher, Nasser Porbirar:
“When you do not find (before Islam) in Mesopotamia, Iran, the Middle East, or anywhere, a name from Zoroaster, then where is this religion and where are its extensions? If this religion had prevailed before Islam, it should have been mentioned somewhere. This is why I have to those who claim the existence of Zoroaster.” The books of Avesta and Zend must provide historical documents that prove this matter.
Those who claim the existence of religions or wisdom in ancient Iran or anything cultural or civilizational before the emergence of Islam have not presented any documents, nor any rock inscriptions, nor even coins. Without these documents, talk in this area turns into myths, as we can accept them as myths. Not only.”
As for the ancient Persian language
The ancient Persian language, in which the Book of the Avesta was initially written, has three inscriptions written in cuneiform script, and the number of words in these inscriptions reaches approximately 200 words.
As for the Pahlavi language in which the Avesta was written in the second stage, there is only one inscription for it: the Kartir inscription, and the number of words in this inscription is approximately 150.
Imagine that only 200 words… are all that the ancient Persian language and the Pahlavi language left to civilization… while Greece, which was contemporary with Persia, left behind very huge texts.
Imagine that a civilization that spanned 1,000 years left us with 200 words. ….And we cannot use two of them to express serious cultural, artistic and religious issues. All of these words are simple, everyday words in which there is neither wisdom nor literature…. 200 They do not express at all the existence of an integrated language at all, and there is no talk in them of religious, cultural, or scientific aspects.
Where is the ancient Persian language and where are the traces of 1200 years in Iran? What is this extreme silence in the history of Iran?
—————
First…look at the diagram at the bottom of the picture.
If we draw the stages of the Achaemenid era on a piece of paper, and then place them vertically on a mirror, we will find that the same stages of this era will appear inside the mirror, but in reverse.
We will have a new era inside the mirror, but it will go in reverse…. The right of the Achaemenid era will become the left inside the mirror, and the left of the Achaemenid era will become the right inside the mirror.
Now with us… the paper is placed vertically on the mirror.
If we assume that a person was at the point where the paper meets the mirror, at point (0), then he walked inside the paper in reverse from left to right, that is, from yellow to violet.
What will we find?
● The yellow person will cross the Greek era (Greek language) in Misr until he reaches the time of the appearance of a religious book specific to the Al-Yahoud (written in Greek) and he will meet a king who orders the writing of the religious book.
As for his image inside the mirror, it will move in yellow color during the (Greek-speaking) era in Misr until it reaches the time of the appearance of a religious book (written in Greek) and it will meet a king who orders the writing of the religious book.
(Era in Greek language) = (Era in Greek language)
Religious book in Greek = religious book in Greek
A king orders the writing of a religious book = a king orders the writing of a religious book.
● Then the person will continue his movement and walk inside the green color, and a Persian country will suddenly appear to him and he will meet a Persian king named (Artasher)
His image inside the mirror will move towards green, and a Persian country will appear to her, and he will meet a Persian king named (Ardashir).
The emergence of the state of Persia = the emergence of the state of Persia
artasher = artasher
● Then the person will continue his movement and walk inside the brown color, and he will see a new Persian king named (Kors) liberating the Al-Yahoud in Babylon.
As for his image inside the mirror, it will also move towards brown, and we will see his image with a new Persian king named (Khasro) liberating the Al-Yahoud of Yemen.
Chorus = kasro
Emancipation of the Al-Yahoud = liberation of the Al-Yahoud
● Then the person will continue his movement and walk inside the red color, and he will see the Persian king (Khorus) establishing the state of Persia, and this is considered the beginning of the emergence of a prophet.
As for his image inside the mirror, it will move towards the red color as well, and you will see his image of the Persian king (Kisro) establishing reforms in the Persian state and he will witness the birth of a prophet.
The establishment of the state of Persia = the establishment of the state of Persia
The appearance of a prophet = the birth of a prophet.
● Then the person will continue his movement and walk inside the purple color and will see the beginning of the emergence of the state of Achaemenid Persia…. and the end of his journey in the paper
As for his image inside the mirror, it will move towards the purple color as well, and you will see the end of the state of Sassanid Persia… and the end of its journey in the paper.
● The person will reach the end of the purple color and will see a sudden appearance of a knight, while his picture will reach the end of the purple color and will see the sudden beginning of the appearance of a knight.
The beginning of the appearance of the sudden knight = the beginning of the appearance of the sudden knight
———————————-
We know that the movement of a person’s image inside a mirror is an imaginary movement and not real, a reflection of the person’s real movement, such as the movement of a body inside a mirror.
But this imaginative movement of the image fits perfectly with the stages of the history of the Sasanian state… and there are those who added a few details that do not change the essence of the movement.
in another meaning
The movement of the person’s image will be identical to the movement of the history of the Sasanian state as follows:
(Greek era with a Greek tongue) = (Roman era with a Greek tongue)
Old Testament in Greek = New Testament in Greek
A king orders the writing of the Old Testament = a king orders the writing of the New Testament.
The emergence of the state of Persia = the emergence of the state of Persia
Artashir = Ardashir (the output of the ta is close to the output of the dal)
Chorus = Kasro (because the image of the person inside the mirror will read the name in reverse)
Liberation of the Al-Yahoud in Babylon = Liberation of the Al-Yahoud in Yemen
The establishment of the Persian state by Chorus = the most important reforms in the Persian state by Khosrau
The appearance of a prophet = the birth of a prophet.
A sudden appearance of a knight = a sudden end to a knight
———————————-
This is a comparison in the history of Iran during two eras:
Achaemenid and Sassanian
● The first king (Kors) —- before the last king (Kisro)
Chorus = kasro
K Vers = K Sarv
Wars = Sarwa (in reverse due to the movement of the image)
● The end of the king (Ardeshir) — The first king (Ardeshir)
Arshir = Ardshir (the output of the ta is very close to the output of the dal)
● Chorus liberated the Al-Yahoud of Babylon = Chosro liberated the Al-Yahoud of Yemen
● The last Achaemenid king named (Darius III) = the last Sassanid king named (Yazdeger III)
Holds the title of third = holds the title of third
● The last Achaemenid king was the grandson of Darius II = The last Sassanid king was the grandson of Khosrau II
Grandson of a second-titled king = grandson of a second-titled king
● The last Achaemenid king lived approximately 50 years = The last Sassanid king lived approximately 45 years
● The last Achaemenid king ruled for approximately 6 years = the last Sassanid king who ruled for approximately 6 years
● The last Achaemenid king was defeated in a decisive battle and fled = The last Sassanid king was defeated in a decisive battle and fled
● The last Achaemenid king was not killed by Greek conquerors, but by a Persian man = The last Sassanid king was not killed by Arab conquerors, but by a Persian man
● Alexander was an outstanding strategic military leader and famous for his war plans that are still studied today = Khalid bin Al-Walid was an outstanding strategic military leader and famous for his war plans that are still studied today
● The Macedonian conquerors, after the victory in the battle, burned the capital, Persepolis = The Muslim conquerors, after the victory in the battle, burned the capital, Istakhr, in Persepolis.
● Alexander initially sets out from Syria towards Persia after he conquered Syria = Khaled bin Al-Walid initially sets out from the Levant towards Persia after he completed the conquests of the Levant.
● The itinerary of Alexander’s conquests of Babylon – Susa = The itinerary of the Muslim conquests passes through Susa and Babylon.
● The army of the Achaemenids doubled the army of Alexander = the army of the Sassanids doubled the armies of the Muslims
● The army of the Achaemenids was equipped with elephants = the army of the Sasanians was equipped with elephants.
———————————-
What does this mean ?!
This means that the state of the Sasanians is nothing but the movement of a person’s previous image inside the mirror… and it is an imaginary movement and not real, that is, an imaginary, hypothetical history.
That is, the history of the Sassanid state is a hypothetical fictional history, and is nothing but a translation of the narrative of the Achaemenid state, but in an inverted or reversed form…… A new time was invented for this inverted narrative and a chronological calendar was created for it.
Is it possible for this to happen?!
Yes…. a German researcher, the German researcher Hans Zelmer, came to the same thing when he reviewed previous historical research… he concluded that the ancient historical records were created in one period of time, and approximately when the printing press appeared and were dropped over the ages. Abyssal by repetition.
This repetition that the German researcher talks about is nothing but translations of characters, events, time periods, and countries, but with new decorations and new names.
.